New American Standard Bible 1995

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Joshua

10

:

23

They did so, and brought these five kings out to him from the cave: the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.

Lexicon

Verse part Definition: Part of speech: Strong's: Hebrew: Transliteration:
They did do, make Verb H6213 וַיַּ֣עֲשׂוּ vai·ya·'a·su
so, so, thus Adjective H3651 כֵ֔ן chen,
and brought to go or come out Verb H3318 וַיֹּצִ֣יאוּ vai·yo·tzi·'u
these these Pronoun H428 הָאֵ֖לֶּה ha·'el·leh
five five Noun H2568 חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת cha·me·shet
Analysis:

Five: Incompletion or lacking

For a person to understand the meaning of the number “five”, one must first realize that the meaning of the number ten is completion or wholeness. Since five is half of ten, the idea is that the number five represents incompletion or that which is lacking. A Scripture that expresses this idea is found in the book of John. At a place called Beit Chesed (Bethesda), there was a pool whose waters healed the sick. The reader is told that around the pool there were five porches. It is stated that on these five porches laid individuals who were not whole. Some were paralyzed and the rest of them had a variety of health problems. It is not a chance happening that these people who were lacking their health were on five porches. Another well-known passage that contains the number five is found in I Samuel 17. In the account of David and Goliath, David picks up five stones (see I Samuel 17:40). Why is the reader told the specific number and not simply that David had gathered a few stones? The answer is to assist the reader in understanding that the stone, which David hurled at Goliath, was not the source of victory. Rather, this was only the means that God used to accomplish His victory. In other words, the stone and even David, who hurled this stone at Goliath, were insufficient to bring about this victory.

One of the first places where the idea of "lacking" or "incompleteness" is seen regarding the number five is in the book of Genesis. In chapter 18, two angels are sent to Sodom to destroy the city. God tells Abraham that if 50 righteous people are found in the city, then the city will be free of this punishment (We will learn that the number 50 is related to freedom when this number is studied). This is revealed to Abraham and he responds saying, perhaps the city will lack 50 righteous people by five. It is significant that Abraham uses the number five when referring to the city lacking enough righteous people. 

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kings king Noun H4428 הַמְּלָכִ֥ים ham·me·la·chim
out to him from the cave: a cave Noun H4631 הַמְּעָרָ֑ה ham·me·'a·rah;
the king king Noun H4428 מֶ֣לֶךְ me·lech
of Jerusalem, probably "foundation of peace," capital city of all Isr. Noun H3389 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם ye·ru·sha·lim
Analysis:
Read more about: Jerusalem
the king king Noun H4428 מֶ֤לֶךְ me·lech
of Hebron, "association, league," a city in S. Judah Noun H2275 חֶבְרֹון֙ chev·ro·vn
Analysis:
Read more about: Hebron
the king king Noun H4428 מֶ֣לֶךְ me·lech
of Jarmuth, a Canaanite city in Judah, also a city in Issachar Noun H3412 יַרְמ֔וּת yar·mut,
Analysis:
Read more about: Jarmuth
the king king Noun H4428 מֶ֥לֶךְ me·lech
of Lachish, a Canaanite city S.W. of Jer. Noun H3923 לָכִ֖ישׁ la·chish
Analysis:
Read more about: Lachish
[and] the king king Noun H4428 מֶ֥לֶךְ me·lech
of Eglon. a king of Moab, also a city in Isr. Noun H5700 עֶגְלֹֽון׃ eg·lo·vn.
Analysis:
Read more about: Eglon, Eglon

Locations

Eglon

EGLON (2)eg'-lon (`eghlon; Odollam):A royal Canaanite city whose king joined the league headed by Adonizedek of Jerusalem against the Gibeonites, which suffered overwhelming defeat at the hands of Joshua (Joshua 10). Joshua passed from Libnah to Lachish, and from Lachish to Eglon on his way to Hebron (10:31). It was in the Shephelah of Judah (15:39). The nam... View Details

Hebron

HEBRON (1)he'-brun (chebhron, "league" or "confederacy"; Chebron): One of the most ancient and important cities in Southern Palestine, now known to the Moslems as el Khalil (i.e. Khalil er Rahman, "the friend of the Merciful," i.e. of God, a favorite name for Abraham; compare James 2:23). The city is some 20 miles South of Jerusalem, situated in an open vall... View Details

Jarmuth

JARMUTHjar'-muth (yarmuth):(1) A city of the Canaanites in the Shephelah (Joshua 15:35) of Judah whose "king," Piram, joined the league of the "five kings" against Joshua (Joshua 10:3-5), was defeated at Gibeon and slain at Makkedah (10:23). One of the 31 "kings" defeated in Joshua' s campaign (Joshua 12:11). In Joshua 15:35 it is mentioned in conjunction wi... View Details

Jerusalem

JERUSALEMje-roo'-sa-lem:I. THE NAME1. In Cuneiform2. In Hebrew3. In Greek and Latin4. The Meaning of Jerusalem5. Other NamesII. GEOLOGY, CLIMATE AND SPRINGS1. Geology2. Climate and Rainfall3. The Natural SpringsIII. THE NATURAL SITE1. The Mountains Around2. The Valleys3. The HillsIV. GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY OF JERUSALEM1. Description of Josephus2. Summary of the... View Details

Lachish

LACHISHla'-kish (lakhish; Septuagint Lachis (Joshua 15:39), Maches):1. Location:A town in the foothills of the Shephelah on the border of the Philistine plain, belonging to Judah, and, from the mention of Eglon in connection with it, evidently in the southwestern portion of Judah's territory. Eusebius, Onomasticon locates it 7 miles from Eleutheropolis (Beit... View Details

People

Eglon

a king of Moab, also a city in Isr.

Parallel Verses

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New American Standard Bible 1995 They did so, and brought these five kings out to him from the cave: the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.
King James Bible They And they did so, and brought these forth those five kings unto him out to him from of the cave: cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.
Hebrew Greek English They did so, and brought these five kings out to him from the cave: the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon.